Param Brahma Param Dhama

Now Arjuna speaks. After listening through eleven shlokas, something has shifted inside him. What he understood has crystallized into words. He addresses Krishna with a cascade of attributes: supreme Brahman, supreme abode, supremely pure, eternal, divine, primal deity, unborn, all-pervading.

This is not mere flattery. It is proof of comprehension. When a student can restate the teacher's lesson in their own words, the teaching has truly landed. Arjuna is doing exactly that here — confirming what he has absorbed by expressing it back.

This is the first half of the 10.12-13 pair. Arjuna is now speaking. From 10.1 through 10.11, Krishna taught. In 10.12-13, Arjuna responds. From 10.14 onward, Arjuna will ask further questions.

This dialogue structure is central to the Gita's method. It is not a monologue. It is a living conversation — teaching, response, praise, then more questions.